Economy
Nominal GDP
USD 54.9 billion
GDP per capita
USD 1,026
2021–2025 average
Currency
- Name
- Ugandan shilling
Угандийский шиллинг - ISO code
- UGX
- Rate against the US dollar
- USD 1 = 3,923 UGX
- Rate against the rouble
- 100 UGX = 2.1302 RUB
- Rate type
- Cross rate via the Bank of Russia USD/RUB rate
- Currency zone
- National currency
Exchange rate as of 1 October 2026
Economic structure
GDP structure: 2021–2025 average Source: Based on World Bank data. Period: 2021–2025 average
- Agriculture 24.5%
- Industry 25.8%
- Services 42.2%
Industries and programmes
- Key industries
- Source: https://www.agriculture.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/MAAIF-Statistical-Abstract-2024_-1.pdf; Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Statistical Abstract 2024; https://mepd.finance.go.ug/documents/MFP/MFP-FY202526-H1.pdf; Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development; https://www.tourism.go.ug/publication-type/statistics-en/; Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities; https://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?country=UGA&source=2; World Bank, World Development Indicators
Agriculture (coffee — the main export), gold (re-exports), tourism, construction, and future oil production (Tilenga, Kingfisher).
- Agriculture and the agro-industrial sector: coffee, cocoa, tea, maize, sugar, oil palm, fruit and vegetables, livestock farming, and fishing.
- Extractive industries and processing: gold and gold processing; mining and processing of other mineral resources. A significant share of gold exports involves processing and re-exporting imported raw materials.
- Manufacturing: food processing, production of sugar, cement and other building materials, and processing of agricultural raw materials.
- Energy: electricity generation and development of energy infrastructure.
- Tourism: national parks, wildlife watching, mountain gorillas, safaris, and adventure tourism.
- Services: trade, transport, financial services, and information and communications services.
- Fisheries: commercial inland fishing, aquaculture, and the processing and export of fish products.
- Government programmes
- Vision 2040Source: https://www.npa.go.ug/; National Planning Authority — Vision 2040; NDP IV; Tenfold Growth Strategy; https://doingbusiness.finance.go.ug/publications/strategies/ten-fold-growth-strategy
- Fourth National Development Plan (NDP IV) 2025/26–2029/30Source: https://www.npa.go.ug/; National Planning Authority — Vision 2040; NDP IV; Tenfold Growth Strategy; https://doingbusiness.finance.go.ug/publications/strategies/ten-fold-growth-strategy
- Tenfold Growth StrategySource: https://www.npa.go.ug/; National Planning Authority — Vision 2040; NDP IV; Tenfold Growth Strategy; https://doingbusiness.finance.go.ug/publications/strategies/ten-fold-growth-strategy
International trade
Exports of goods, 2021–2025
USD billion Source: World Bank / WTO, merchandise exports (TX.VAL.MRCH.CD.WT). Period: 2021–2025
Table
| Year | USD billion | index, 2021 = 100 |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 3.96 | 100.0 |
| 2022 | 3.58 | 90.4 |
| 2023 | 6.30 | 159.1 |
| 2024 | 8.04 | 203.0 |
| 2025 | 12.5 | 315.7 |
- Imports of goods
- USD 12.7 billion 2021–2025 averageSource: ITC. Period: 2021–2025 average
- Exports of goods and services
- USD 13.3 billion 2025Source: World Bank, national accounts. Period: 2025
- Change in exports of goods, 2021–2025
- +215.7%
- Average annual rate of change in exports of goods, 2021–2025
- +33.3%
Export specialisation
Main export products
share of exports of goods, %, 2024 Source: UN Comtrade, 2024; share of total merchandise exports, HS chapters (2 digits). Period: 2024
Main export destinations
share of exports of goods, %, 2024 Source: UN Comtrade, 2024; share of total merchandise exports, HS chapters (2 digits); The European Union as a whole accounts for 16.56% of exports; the Democratic Republic of the Congo accounts for 5.95%, and India for 5.71% (https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/trade_data_e.html). Period: 2024
Comment in the document cell: Based on WTO Tariff & Trade Data (“Imports & exports pattern — Top partners”),
Investment areas
Source: Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities; https://www.tourism.go.ug/publications/statistical-abstract-2025-full-publication/; Statistical Abstract 2025; Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities. Uganda Tourism Trends and Statistics Report 2024; https://development.finance.go.ug/knowledge-centre-reports/uganda-tourism-trends-and-statistics-report-2024; Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries. MAAIF Statistical Abstract — Fact Sheet: Fisheries Sub-sector; https://www.agriculture.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/MAAIF-Abstract-Facts-sheet-Fisheries-31.01.2026.pdf; National Environment Management Authority. National State of the Environment Report 2024; https://www.nema.go.ug/en/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/National-Status-of-the-Environment-Report-NSOER-2024.pdf- Oil and gas development and oil refining
- Agro-processing (coffee)
- Mining
- Energy
- Nuclear energy (project stage)
- Fisheries and fish processing
- Tourism
Agreements with Russia
Investment protection
There is no bilateral agreement with Russia on the promotion and reciprocal protection of investments.
Absent
Double taxation
There is no double taxation agreement with Russia.
Absent
Visa requirements
Russian citizens holding ordinary passports require a visa.
Visa required
Peaceful nuclear energy
- intergovernmental agreement (September 2019)
Intergovernmental agreement
Other agreements
Source: Bilateral Agreements between Russia and Uganda (Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs / legal databases (https://www.mid.ru/ru/maps/ug/)- Agreement on the Establishment of an Intergovernmental Commission (published on 13 March 2023).
- Agreement on the Mutual Protection of Classified Information (15 August 2023).
Incentives
- Main regimes and incentives
Investment Act 2019: incentives for exporters and manufacturers, and 10-year tax holidays subject to conditions.
- Type of measure
- Investment agency
- UIA — Uganda Investment Authority
