Rwanda

Republic of Rwanda

Region: East Africa · ISO code: RWA

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Economy

Nominal GDP

USD 15.4 billion

GDP per capita

USD 1,019

2021–2025 average

Currency

Name: Rwandan franc
Руандийский франк
ISO code: RWF
Rate against the US dollar: USD 1 = 1,477 RWF
Rate against the rouble: 100 RWF = 5.6575 RUB
Rate type: Cross rate via the Bank of Russia USD/RUB rate
Currency zone: National currency

Exchange rate as of 1 October 2026

Economic structure

GDP structure: 2021–2025 average Source: Based on World Bank data (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS); World Bank, WDI: NV.AGR/NV.IND/NV.SRV.TOTL.ZS, calculation of averages for 2021–2025 (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS). Period: 2021–2025 average

Agriculture 21.5%
Industry 21.7%
Services 51.5%

Industries and programmes

Key industries: Agriculture (coffee, tea), mining (tin, tantalum, tungsten), tourism, and financial and conference services.Source: AfDB, Rwanda Economic Outlook (AEO 2026 (https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/rwanda/rwanda-economic-outlook)
Government programmes: Vision 2050Source: Rwanda Vision 2050 / NST2 2024/25–2028/29 — MINECOFIN; https://www.minecofin.gov.rw

National Strategy for Transformation NST2 (2024–2029)Source: Rwanda Vision 2050 / NST2 2024/25–2028/29 — MINECOFIN; https://www.minecofin.gov.rw

Source: Rwanda Vision 2050 / NST2 2024/25–2028/29 — MINECOFIN; https://www.minecofin.gov.rw

International trade

Exports of goods, 2021–2025

USD billion Source: World Bank / WTO, merchandise exports (TX.VAL.MRCH.CD.WT). Period: 2021–2025

Amount Index (2021 = 100)

Table

Exports of goods, 2021–2025: amount and index (2021 = 100)
Year	USD billion	index, 2021 = 100
2021	1.53	100.0
2022	2.11	137.9
2023	2.47	161.4
2024	3.20	209.2
2025	2.45	160.1

Imports of goods: USD 5.33 billion 2021–2025 averageSource: ITC. Period: 2021–2025 average
Exports of goods and services: USD 3.53 billion 2025Source: World Bank, national accounts. Period: 2025
Change in exports of goods, 2021–2025: +60.1%
Average annual rate of change in exports of goods, 2021–2025: +12.5%

Export specialisation

Main export products

share of exports of goods, %, 2022 Source: UN Comtrade, 2022; share of total merchandise exports, HS chapters (2 digits). Period: 2022

precious metals and stones (gold, diamonds)27.6%
ores and concentrates12.5%
coffee, tea and spices10.0%
mineral fuels, oil and gas9.8%
cereal preparations3.5%

Main export destinations

share of exports of goods, %, 2022 Source: UN Comtrade, 2022; share of total merchandise exports, HS chapters (2 digits). Period: 2022

DR Congo38.0%
UAE29.2%
China4.8%
India3.5%
United Kingdom2.3%

Investment areas

Conference tourism
Financial services (Kigali International Financial Centre)
Mineral processing
Agribusiness
ICT
Nuclear science

Agreements with Russia

Investment protection

There is no bilateral agreement with Russia on the promotion and reciprocal protection of investments.
Source: UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub (https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements)

Absent
Double taxation

There is no double taxation agreement with Russia.
Source: Russian Ministry of Finance, list of double taxation agreements in force — (the country is not listed (https://minfin.gov.ru/ru/perfomance/tax_relations/international/international_dtt)

Absent
Visa requirements

Russian citizens holding ordinary passports require a visa.
Source: visarequirements.info (https://visarequirements.info/countries/russian-federation/rwanda/)

Visa required
Peaceful nuclear energy
- Intergovernmental Agreement on Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (5 December 2018)
- Intergovernmental Agreement on the Construction of a Center for Nuclear Science and Technology (24 October 2019, Sochi)
- roadmap for a small modular reactor project (2026).
Source: WNN (https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/russia-and-rwanda-to-cooperate-in-nuclear-power); MININFRA (https://www.mininfra.gov.rw/updates/news-details/rwanda-and-russia-signs-to-establish-nuclear-science-center-in-kigali); Russia's Pivot to Asia (https://russiaspivottoasia.com/russian/rossiya-i-ruanda-podpisali-soglashenie-po-proektu-malyh-modulnyh-reaktorov/)
Intergovernmental agreement

Other agreements

Agreement on the Mutual Protection of Intellectual Property Resulting from Military-Technical Cooperation (10 January 2019).
Agreement on Visa-Free Travel for Holders of Diplomatic and Service Passports (9 November 2024).

Incentives

Main regimes and incentives: Investment Promotion Law 2021: a reduced corporate income tax rate of 15%, tax holidays of up to 7 years for priority sectors, and incentives for regional headquarters.
Source: RRA, Investment incentives (https://www.rra.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RRA_investment_incentives.pdf)
Type of measure: Tax holidaysReduced tax rate
Administering organisation: RDB — Rwanda Development Board