Kenya

Republic of Kenya

Region: East Africa · ISO code: KEN

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Economy

Nominal GDP

USD 121 billion

GDP per capita

USD 2,122

2021–2025 average

Currency

Name: Kenyan shilling
Кенийский шиллинг
ISO code: KES
Rate against the US dollar: USD 1 = 128.42 KES
Rate against the rouble: 10 KES = 6.5067 RUB
Rate type: Cross rate via the Bank of Russia USD/RUB rate
Currency zone: National currency

Exchange rate as of 1 October 2026

Economic structure

GDP structure: 2021–2025 average Source: Based on World Bank data (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS); World Bank, WDI: NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS / NV.IND.TOTL.ZS / NV.SRV.TOTL.ZS, calculation of averages for 2021–2025 (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS). Period: 2021–2025 average

Agriculture 21.9%
Industry 16.9%
Services 55.3%

Industries and programmes

Key industries: Agriculture (tea, flowers, coffee), tourism, financial and IT services (M-Pesa), logistics, and processing.Source: AfDB, Kenya Economic Outlook (AEO 2026 (https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/kenya/kenya-economic-outlook)
Government programmes: Kenya Vision 2030Source: AfDB, Kenya Economic Outlook (AEO 2026) — (BETA (https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/kenya/kenya-economic-outlook); Kenya Vision 2030 / MTP IV (https://vision2030.go.ke)

Fourth Medium-Term Plan (MTP IV) 2023–2027Source: AfDB, Kenya Economic Outlook (AEO 2026) — (BETA (https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/kenya/kenya-economic-outlook); Kenya Vision 2030 / MTP IV (https://vision2030.go.ke)

Bottom-Up Economic Transformation Agenda (BETA)Source: AfDB, Kenya Economic Outlook (AEO 2026) — (BETA (https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/kenya/kenya-economic-outlook); Kenya Vision 2030 / MTP IV (https://vision2030.go.ke)

Source: AfDB, Kenya Economic Outlook (AEO 2026) — (BETA (https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/kenya/kenya-economic-outlook); Kenya Vision 2030 / MTP IV (https://vision2030.go.ke)

International trade

Exports of goods, 2021–2025

USD billion Source: World Bank / WTO, merchandise exports (TX.VAL.MRCH.CD.WT). Period: 2021–2025

Amount Index (2021 = 100)

Table

Exports of goods, 2021–2025: amount and index (2021 = 100)
Year	USD billion	index, 2021 = 100
2021	6.74	100.0
2022	7.41	109.9
2023	7.19	106.7
2024	8.24	122.3
2025	8.60	127.6

Imports of goods: USD 20.2 billion 2021–2025 averageSource: ITC. Period: 2021–2025 average
Exports of goods and services: USD 21.4 billion 2025Source: World Bank, national accounts. Period: 2025
Change in exports of goods, 2021–2025: +27.6%
Average annual rate of change in exports of goods, 2021–2025: +6.3%

Export specialisation

Main export products

share of exports of goods, %, 2024 Source: UN Comtrade, 2024; share of total merchandise exports, HS chapters (2 digits). Period: 2024

coffee, tea and spices20.9%
mineral fuels, oil and gas12.9%
live plants and flowers9.6%
fats and oils3.5%
fruit and nuts (including cashews)3.5%

Main export destinations

share of exports of goods, %, 2024 Source: UN Comtrade, 2024; share of total merchandise exports, HS chapters (2 digits). Period: 2024

Uganda11.3%
UAE9.1%
United States8.0%
Pakistan6.9%
Netherlands6.5%

Investment areas

Agro-processing
The digital economy
Geothermal energy
Logistics at the Port of Mombasa
Pharmaceuticals
Housing construction

Agreements with Russia

Investment protection

There is no bilateral agreement with Russia on the promotion and reciprocal protection of investments.
Source: UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub (IIA Navigator (https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements)

Absent
Double taxation

There is no double taxation agreement with Russia.
Source: Russian Ministry of Finance, list of double taxation agreements in force — (the country is not on the list (https://minfin.gov.ru/ru/perfomance/tax_relations/international/international_dtt)

Absent
Visa requirements

For Russian citizens holding ordinary passports: visas abolished from 1 January 2024, but electronic travel authorization must be obtained in advance (eTA; fee USD 32.5, application at least 3 days before travel).
Source: Wikipedia, Visa policy of Kenya (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Kenya); KPMG Kenya, 02.2024 (https://kpmg.com/ke/en/home/insights/2024/02/electronic_travel_authorization_replaces_visa_requirements_for_travel_to_kenya.html)

Partly visa-free
Peaceful nuclear energy
- Memorandum of Understanding between Rosatom and the Kenya Nuclear Electricity Board (KNEB, now NuPEA), signed on 30 May 2016 at ATOMEXPO 2016
Source: NEI Magazine (https://neimagazine.com/news/rosatom-seeks-kenyan-nuclear-business-5765697); Africa Energy (https://www.africa-energy.com/news-centre/article/nigeriakenya-rosatom-signs-new-agreements)
Memorandum or other arrangement

Other agreements

The intergovernmental commission has not yet been established: the intergovernmental agreement establishing the Russian–Kenyan Commission on Economic Cooperation is being prepared for signature (September 2026). An agreement on labor migration is also under discussion.

Incentives

Main regimes and incentives: EPZ regimes (10-year tax holidays) and SEZ regimes (reduced corporate income tax of 10–15%); investment certificate.
Source: PwC Tax Summaries, Kenya (https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/kenya/corporate/taxes-on-corporate-income); Business Daily (https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/kenya-sets-10-year-limit-for-tax-breaks-to-sezs-4884074)
Type of measure: Tax holidaysReduced tax rateSpecial territorial regimes (SEZ)
Investment agency: KenInvest — Kenya Investment Authority
Zone operator / authority: EPZA — Export Processing Zones Authority
SEZA — Special Economic Zones Authority